According to Theory X, how does the average person view work?

Theory X, developed by Douglas McGregor, posits that the average person inherently dislikes work and will avoid it whenever possible. This theory suggests that individuals require external motivation—such as rewards, punishments, or strict supervision—to stay productive. In light of this perspective, work is viewed by the average person as an obligation or a chore rather than a fulfilling or enjoyable endeavor. This aligns directly with the notion that work is something to be avoided, which is the cornerstone of the Theory X belief system.

In contrast, other perspectives in the options provided reflect a more positive view of work. For instance, seeing work as a natural activity or an opportunity for creativity would align more closely with Theory Y, which emphasizes that people find satisfaction in their work and actively seek it out for personal fulfillment. Similarly, viewing work as a means to achieve self-fulfillment encapsulates the idea that work can be a pathway to personal growth and creativity, which is not what Theory X advocates. Therefore, the assertion that the average person views work as something to be avoided is a clear reflection of the underlying principles of Theory X.