What is defined as advice, especially that given as a result of consultation?

The correct choice is counseling, as it specifically refers to professional advice and support offered to individuals after a consultation process. Counseling involves a trained professional listening to and addressing the issues presented by a client, often leading to personal insights and recommendations tailored to the individual's needs.

Guidance is somewhat similar to counseling, but it is often broader and may not always involve a professional setting or the depth of relationship that is typical in counseling. Coaching, on the other hand, usually focuses on achieving specific goals and developing skills rather than addressing personal issues comprehensively. Consultation is more about the initial discussion or meeting where information is exchanged, rather than the ongoing support and advice that counseling represents.

Thus, counseling is the most accurate term when describing the provision of advice that arises from a consultation, capturing the depth and professional nature of the support offered.