What is the inherent power of government to enact laws for the welfare of its citizens called?

The inherent power of government to enact laws for the welfare of its citizens is referred to as police power. This power allows the government to regulate behaviors and enforce order within its territory for the security, health, morals, and general welfare of its people. It encompasses a broad range of activities, including zoning regulations, health codes, and safety mandates, demonstrating the government's responsibility to promote the common good.

The other options represent distinct powers within government structure. Judicial power pertains to the authority of courts to interpret laws and administer justice, while legislative power refers to the ability of a legislative body to create laws. Executive power is the authority vested in the executive branch to enforce and implement laws. Each of these powers plays a specific role in governance, but it is the police power that directly relates to the government's duty to protect and ensure the welfare of its citizens.