What is the term for a partner whose liability for the firm's debts is limited to the amount of their investment?

The term for a partner whose liability for the firm's debts is limited to the amount of their investment is "Limited Partner." In a business partnership, particularly in a limited partnership structure, limited partners contribute capital to the firm but do not participate in its day-to-day management. Their financial liability is restricted to the amount they have invested, meaning they cannot be held personally responsible for any debts beyond their investment in the partnership. This structure allows individuals to invest in businesses while managing their risk exposure.

In contrast, a general partner has unlimited liability, meaning they are personally responsible for the debts of the partnership. A silent partner, while similar to a limited partner in that they do not take part in management, may not necessarily have limited liability and could be involved in various business functions in some contexts. An equity partner is typically a partner who owns shares in the partnership and has a vested interest but does not denote limited liability specifically. Thus, the term "Limited Partner" distinctly defines those who enjoy the protection of limited liability in a business context.