What is the term for a strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme fear?

The term that describes a strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme fear is "panic." Panic is distinct from other emotional responses in that it typically occurs suddenly and involves an overwhelming sense of fear that can lead to physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, and a feeling of losing control. This can happen in threatening situations or even unexpectedly in safe environments.

In contrast, anxiety generally refers to a persistent state of worry or fear about future events rather than an immediate response to a specific threat. Stress is a broader term encompassing various reactions to pressures and demands, while fear is more general and can be present without the intense, acute qualities associated with panic. Therefore, panic accurately encapsulates the experience of sudden and extreme fear, distinguishing it from related but different emotional responses.