What term describes a state of tension typically characterized by rapid heartbeat and shortness of breath?

The term that best describes a state of tension typically characterized by rapid heartbeat and shortness of breath is anxiety. This condition often manifests when an individual experiences feelings of worry or apprehension about future events, leading to a physiological response that includes symptoms such as increased heart rate and difficulty breathing. Anxiety can be a normal reaction to stress, but when it becomes persistent and overwhelming, it can lead to anxiety disorders.

Stress is more of a broad term that encompasses various physical and emotional responses to demands placed on an individual, but it does not specifically point to the tension and physiological response described in the question. Fear is more immediate and usually connected to a specific threat or danger, while depression is characterized by prolonged feelings of sadness and lack of interest, rather than physical symptoms like rapid heartbeat or shortness of breath. Therefore, anxiety is the most appropriate term reflecting the state of tension in this context.