What term describes the act of conforming an action that was executed without authority or is voidable?

The term that describes the act of conforming an action that was executed without authority or is voidable is "ratification." When a party ratifies an action, they are essentially validating or approving an act that was initially unauthorized. This acknowledgment converts the action into a legally binding decision, making it effective as if it had been authorized from the beginning.

Ratification often occurs in various contexts, such as in contracts, where a party may initially lack the authority to enter into an agreement. Once the party or an interested beneficiary approves the action, it retroactively provides legitimacy to the agreement, thereby removing the voidable status. This highlights the importance of consent and acknowledgment in ensuring that the actions taken hold legal weight.

In contrast, termination refers to ending an agreement, confirmation typically pertains to affirming or verifying an existing agreement rather than validating an unauthorized one, and abrogation means the repeal or annulment of a law or agreement. Thus, the unique aspect of ratification lies in its role in legitimizing actions that were previously unauthorized.