What type of stock allows the owner to vote on corporate matters?

Common stock is a type of stock that grants its owners the right to vote on important corporate matters, such as the election of the board of directors and other significant company decisions. This voting power is a critical feature of common stock, as it allows shareholders to have a say in the management and direction of the company. Additionally, common stockholders are typically entitled to a portion of the company’s profits in the form of dividends, although these are not guaranteed and can fluctuate based on the company's performance and decisions made by the board.

In contrast, preferred stock usually does not carry voting rights but may offer fixed dividends and priority over common stockholders in the event of liquidation. Convertible stock refers to preferred stock that can be converted into common stock under certain conditions, but still lacks the voting rights typically associated with common stock. Restricted stock usually comes with limitations, such as vesting periods or other conditions, and these restrictions often include a lack of voting rights until the stock is no longer restricted. Therefore, common stock is unique in its provision of voting rights for corporate governance, making it the correct answer for this question.