Which perspective characterizes the view that all cultures should be understood on their own terms without bias?

Cultural relativism is a key perspective in understanding that all cultures have their own value systems and social norms that should be analyzed and appreciated based on their unique contexts, rather than judged through the lens of another culture. This concept emphasizes the importance of viewing cultural practices and beliefs without bias or preconceived notions, allowing for a deeper understanding and respect for diversity.

In contrast to cultural relativism, ethnocentrism involves interpreting or judging another culture primarily according to the standards of one's own culture, often leading to misunderstanding and negative stereotypes. Enculturation refers to the process through which individuals learn their own culture, while socialization encompasses broader interactions that shape an individual within their society. These latter concepts do not emphasize the unbiased appreciation that cultural relativism promotes. Thus, cultural relativism stands out as the approach that encourages understanding cultures on their own terms.