Which term describes a claim that is not backed by any pledge of other assets from the debtor?

The term that describes a claim not backed by any pledge of other assets from the debtor is "unsecured claim." This type of claim means that the creditor does not have a specific asset to recover in the event of default by the debtor. Instead, unsecured creditors rely solely on the debtor's ability to pay as outlined in the terms of the agreement.

In the context of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, unsecured claims are often treated differently compared to secured claims, which are backed by specific collateral. Since there is no collateral associated with an unsecured claim, these creditors may have lower priority in receiving payment if the debtor's assets are liquidated.

Priority claims represent obligations that are given a higher status in repayment terms, generally related to taxes or certain benefits, while interest claims pertain to the amount of interest due to creditors and are typically not a standalone type of claim. Thus, "unsecured claim" accurately encapsulates the nature of the claim being described.