Which term describes a source of market data that identifies the locations of certain businesses?

The term that best describes a source of market data identifying the locations of certain businesses is "Census of business." A census of business collects comprehensive data on various aspects of business activity, including the geographic distribution of companies. It provides insights into the number of businesses in different regions, their types, sizes, and other relevant economic data. This level of detailed information is essential for understanding market dynamics and making informed business decisions.

While a business directory also contains information about businesses, it usually focuses on contact details and basic descriptions rather than comprehensive data regarding their locations. Market analysis refers to a broader evaluation of market trends, consumer behavior, and competition but does not specifically target the location of businesses as its focus. An economic survey may gather a wide range of economic data but isn't limited to detailing business locations specifically. Thus, "Census of business" is the most accurate choice when referring to a source that identifies where certain businesses are located.