Who is typically recognized as the head of the Roman Catholic Church?

The Pope is the spiritual leader and head of the Roman Catholic Church, overseeing its doctrine, governance, and unity. As the Bishop of Rome, the Pope holds a unique position as the successor to Saint Peter, who is regarded as the first Pope. This role grants the Pope not only authority over the Catholic Church worldwide but also a significant influence in theological and pastoral matters, guiding the Church in its mission and responding to global issues.

In contrast, figures such as archbishops, bishops, and cardinals have important roles within the Church; however, they do not possess the same level of universal authority as the Pope. Archbishops oversee specific provinces or larger jurisdictions, bishops serve individual dioceses, and cardinals often serve as advisors to the Pope and participate in the election of a new pope. Each role is vital within the Church's hierarchy, but none hold the singular position that the Pope occupies.